Judaism culture

Royal Road

Ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt by Persian king Darius the Great

For other uses, see Royal Road (disambiguation).

Not to be confused with Royal Roads.

The Royal Road was an ancient highway reorganized and rebuilt for trade by Darius the Great, the Achaemenid emperor, in the 5th century BC.[1] Darius I built the road to facilitate rapid communication on the western part of his large empire from Susa to Sardis.[2] Mounted couriers of the Angarium were supposed to travel 1, miles (2,&#;km) from Susa to Sardis in nine days; the journey took ninety days on foot.[3]

Course

The course of the road has been reconstructed from the writings of Herodotus,[4]archeological research, and other historical records.

History

Because the road did not follow the shortest nor the easiest route between the most important cities of the empire, archeologists believe the westernmost sections of the road may have originally been built by the Assyrian kings, as the road plunges through the heart of their old empire.

David cherubim royal road persian war This road played a crucial role in the administration and unity of the Persian civilization, symbolizing the power and efficiency of its governance. Royal Road. Open Document. The Royal Road not only enhanced trade but also played a key role in spreading ideas, religions, and cultural practices across the Persian Empire.

More eastern segments of the road, identifiable in present-day northern Iran, were not noted by Herodotus, whose view of Persia was that of an Ionian Greek in the West;[5] stretches of the Royal Road across the central plateau of Iran, such as the Great Khorasan Road, are coincident with the major trade route known as the Silk Road.

However, Darius I improved the existing road network into the Royal Road as it is recognized today. A later improvement by the Romans of a road bed with a hard-packed gravelled surface of &#;m width held within a stone curbing was found in a stretch near Gordium[6] and connecting the parts together in a unified whole stretching some miles, primarily as a post road, with a hundred and eleven posting stations maintained with a supply of fresh horses, a quick mode of communication using relays of swift mounted messengers, the kingdom's pirradazis.

In , under a grant from the American Philosophical Society, S. F. Starr traced the stretch of road from Gordium to Sardis, identifying river crossings by ancient bridge abutments.[7]

Legacy

The Greek historian Herodotus wrote, "There is nothing in the world that travels faster than these Persian couriers." Herodotus's praise for these messengers&#; "Neither snow nor rain nor heat nor gloom of night stays these couriers from the swift completion of their appointed rounds"&#; was inscribed on the James Farley Post Office in New York and is sometimes thought of as the United States Postal Service creed.

A metaphorical "Royal Road" in famous quotations

Euclid is said to have replied to King Ptolemy's request for an easier way of learning mathematics that "there is no Royal Road to geometry", according to Proclus.[8] The same sentence is also attributed to Menaechmus replying to Alexander the Great.[9]

Charles Sanders Peirce, in his s:How to Make Our Ideas Clear (), says, "There is no royal road to logic, and really valuable ideas can only be had at the price of close attention."

Sigmund Freud famously described dreams as the "royal road to the unconscious" ("Via regia zur Kenntnis des Unbewußten").

David cherubim royal road persian empire By connecting key cities and allowing messengers to travel quickly between them, it facilitated better governance and quicker responses to local issues. The Silk Roads played an important role in connecting Afro-Eurasia, both culturally and economically. The building of roads, canals and railroads played a large role in the United States during the s. The already existing industries quickly expanded and new ones emerged including steel manufacturing, electrical power, and petroleum refining.

Karl Marx wrote in the Preface to the French Edition of Das Kapital (Volume 1), "There is no royal road to science, and only those who do not dread the fatiguing climb of its steep paths have a chance of gaining its luminous summits."

The Royal Road to Romance () is the first book by Richard Halliburton, covering his world travels as a young man from Andorra to Angkor.

See also

Notes

  1. ^Graf, David F. (). "The Persian Royal Road System". Continuity & Change: Proceedings of the Last Achaemenid History Workshop .

  2. Teachings of judaism
  3. Abraham founder of judaism
  4. Difference between jews and judaism
  5. Jewish worship

    6. Vol.&#;8. Nederlands Instituut voor het Nabije Oosten. pp.&#;– ISBN&#;.

  6. ^Fox, Robin Lane (). Alexander the Great. London: Penguin. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
  7. ^Kia, Mehrdad (). The Persian Empire: A Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.

    Google docs Throughout American History, revolutions in transportation have affected the American society politically, socially and economically. The building of roads, canals and railroads played a large role in the United States during the s. Specifically, American culture because the United States is so large and relies on the interstate system to transport mail, goods, and other necessities. Wikimedia Commons Wikidata item.

    p.&#; ISBN&#;.

  8. ^Herodotus, Histories v, viii; Herodotus seems to have been in possession of an itinerary. Calder, W. M. (). "The Royal Road in Herodotus". The Classical Review. 39 (1/2): 7– doi/SXX. S2CID&#; suggested that Herodotus was partly in error in his tracing the route through Anatolia by making it cross the Halys and showed that though his overall his distances in parasangs are approximately correct, his distances over the sections he describes bear no relation to geographical facts.
  9. ^"Herodotus, a Greek from the Aegean coast of Asia Minor, appears to have reported only that part of the network which led directly to the parts of the Greek world that concerned him," notes Young, Rodney S.

    (). "Gordion on the Royal Road".

    David cherubim royal road persian More eastern segments of the road, identifiable in present-day northern Iran, were not noted by Herodotus, whose view of Persia was that of an Ionian Greek in the West; [ 5 ] stretches of the Royal Road across the central plateau of Iran, such as the Great Khorasan Road , are coincident with the major trade route known as the Silk Road. It connected various regions, allowing for easier exchange of goods such as textiles, spices, and precious metals. S2CID suggested that Herodotus was partly in error in his tracing the route through Anatolia by making it cross the Halys and showed that though his overall his distances in parasangs are approximately correct, his distances over the sections he describes bear no relation to geographical facts. Legacy [ edit ].

    Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society. (4): – JSTOR&#;

  10. ^Near Gordium the track was identified as post-Phrygian, as it wound round Phrygian tumuli: Young, Rodney S. (). "The Campaign of at Gordion: Preliminary Report". American Journal of Archaeology. 60 (3): – doi/ JSTOR&#; S2CID&#; p.

  11. Royal road manga
  12. David cherubim royal road persian restaurant
  13. Royal road books

    14. "The Royal Road"; and 61 ( and illus.).

  14. ^Starr, S. F. (). "The Persian Royal Road in Turkey". Yearbook of the American Philosophical Society . Philadelphia. pp.&#;–: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  15. ^Proclus, p. 57
  16. ^"Menaechmus - Biography".

References

  • Lockard, Craig A.

    (). Societies, Networks, and Transitions, A Global History. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.

  • "The Persian Royal Road". Livius: Articles on Ancient History. Retrieved March 6,
  • "The Royal Road".

    Royal road manga: Cyrus was the first emperor of Persia, and was followed by many more powerful commanders. This road also helped maintain control over satrapies, ensuring that satraps could relay information and resources effectively to the central authority. These governments completely control people. Once the Silk Road was open techniques of weaving the silken thread did not begin to spread because this material was similar to that used by cloth weavers.

    The History of Iran on Iran Chamber Society. Retrieved May 5,

  • "The Persian Royal Mail (archived)". Rivers From Eden. Archived from the original on February 16, Retrieved March 2,

External links