Dubose heyward biography of mahatma gandhi

DuBose Heyward

American dramatist (–)

Edwin DuBose Heyward (August 31, – June 16, )[1] was an American author best known for his novel Porgy. He and his wife Dorothy, a playwright, adapted it as a play of the same name. The couple worked with composer George Gershwin to adapt the work as the opera Porgy and Bess.

It was later adapted as a film of the same name.

  • Biography of Mahatma Gandhi | TNPSC General English By www ...
  • The Story of My Life - Mahatma Gandhi
  • DuBose Heyward | MY HERO
  • DuBose Heyward Biography - eNotes.com
  • Heyward also wrote poetry and other novels and plays, as well as the children's book The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes ().

    Childhood, education, and early career

    Heyward was born in in Charleston, South Carolina, the son of Jane Screven (DuBose) and Edwin Watkins Heyward.[3] He was a descendant of Judge Thomas Heyward, Jr., a South Carolinian signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, and his wife, who were of the planter elite.

    As a child and young man, Heyward was frequently ill. He contracted polio when he was Two years later he contracted typhoid fever, and the following year fell ill with pleurisy. He described himself as having been "a miserable student" who was uninterested in learning. He dropped out of high school in his first year at age fourteen but had a lifelong and serious interest in literature.

    He was able to support himself as he became a successful insurance agent. While confined to his sickbed, he wrote numerous verses and stories.

    In Heyward wrote a one-act play, An Artistic Triumph, which was produced in a local theater. Although described as a derivative work that reportedly showed little promise, Heyward was encouraged enough to pursue a literary career.

    In , while convalescing, he began to work seriously at fiction and poetry. In he published his first short story, "The Brute," in Pagan, a Magazine for Eudaemonists.

    The next year, he met Hervey Allen, who was teaching at the nearby Porter Military Academy. They became close friends and formed the Poetry Society of South Carolina.

    It helped spark a revival of southern literature. Heyward edited the society's yearbooks until and contributed much of their content.

    Dubose heyward biography of mahatma gandhi in english By , Gandhi's newspaper, Indian Opinion , was covering reports on discrimination against Africans by the colonial regime. During this period, Gandhi's longtime secretary Mahadev Desai died of a heart attack, his wife Kasturba died after 18 months' imprisonment on 22 February , and Gandhi suffered a severe malaria attack. Main article: Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. Friends and comrades, the light has gone out of our lives, and there is darkness everywhere, and I do not quite know what to tell you or how to say it.

    His poetry was well received, earning him a "Contemporary Verse" award in

    In he and Allen jointly published a collection, Carolina Chansons: Legends of the Low Country. They jointly edited an issue of Poetry magazine featuring Southern writers. During this period Heyward and his friend Henry T. O'Neill together operated a successful insurance and real estate company.

    Marriage and family

    Heyward met his wife Dorothy when they were both at the MacDowell Colony in After they married, they lived for many years in Charleston. Their only child, Jenifer DuBose Heyward, was born in in New York City. She became a sculptor, actress and dancer, a member of the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo.

    Biography of mahatma gandhi hindi: Princeton University Press. Sage Publications. Retrieved 26 January Wikimedia Commons has media related to DuBose Heyward.

    She married Judson Wood Jr., and died in

    Career as full-time writer

    By , Heyward had achieved a measure of financial independence, allowing him to give up business and devote himself full-time to literature. That year he published his first poetry collection, Jasbo Brown and Other Poems (). Between stints of writing, he supplemented his income by lecturing on southern literature at colleges and the Porter Military Academy.[4]

    Porgy

    In he published his novel Porgy, set in the Black community of Charleston, which had many Gullah people.

    Given the positive reception for the book, he and Dorothy, a playwright, adapted it as a dramatic play. While working on that adaptation, he was approached by composer George Gershwin, who proposed collaborating on an opera of the material.

    His and Dorothy's play Porgy opened on Broadway in , and it was a considerable success, running for performances.[5]

    Describing Heyward's achievement in Porgy, the African-American poet and playwrightLangston Hughes said Heyward was one who saw "with his white eyes, wonderful, poetic qualities in the inhabitants of Catfish Row that makes them come alive."[6] Heyward's biographer James M.

    Hutchisson characterized Porgy as "the first major southern novel to portray Blacks without condescension" and said that the libretto to Porgy and Bess was largely Heyward's work.

  • Biography of mahatma gandhi hindi
  • Dubose heyward biography of mahatma gandhi pdf
  • Tagalog biography of mahatma gandhi
  • Critics have described Heyward as sympathetic in his portrayal of the Southern Blacks in his work.

    Others, however, have noted that the characters in Porgy, though viewed sympathetically, are described in stereotypical ways. According to Ellen Noonan,

    Porgy is a sympathetic but profoundly conservative novel in the truest sense of the word.

    Heyward wants Charleston and its African-American residents to stay just as they are Linguistically marking all of the novel's African-American characters as uneducated and even illiterate is just one among many racial stereotypes "[S]outhern whites took care of southern blacks without interference or any systematic attempt to lift African Americans beyond their lowly status.[10]

    Porgy and Bess

    For the opera Porgy and Bess, both Heyward and Ira Gershwin, the composer's brother and regular partner, worked on the lyrics.

    Heyward did not get much credit for that work. In his introduction to the section on DuBose Heyward in Invisible Giants: Fifty Americans Who Shaped the Nation But Missed the History Books (), Stephen Sondheim wrote:

    DuBose Heyward has gone largely unrecognized as the author of the finest set of lyrics in the history of the American musical theater – namely, those of 'Porgy and Bess'.

    There are two reasons for this, and they are connected. First, he was primarily a poet and novelist, and his only song lyrics were those that he wrote for Porgy. Second, some of them were written in collaboration with Ira Gershwin, a full-time lyricist, whose reputation in the musical theater was firmly established before the opera was written.

    But most of the lyrics in Porgy – and all of the distinguished ones – are by Heyward. I admire his theater songs for their deeply felt poetic style and their insight into character. It's a pity he didn't write any others. His work is sung, but he is unsung.

    The Gershwin opera Porgy and Bess was produced in , featuring top African-American singers and chorus.

    Large sections of dialogue from the play were set to music for the recitatives in the opera. Although it had limited success when first produced, it has since had numerous successful revivals, toured Europe, North America, and other continents, and been recognized as an American operatic masterpiece.

    Later works

    Heyward continued to explore Black Charleston with another novel set in Catfish Row, Mamba's Daughters ().

    He and Dorothy also adapted this as a play.

    Heyward wrote the play Brass Ankle, produced in in New York. The title refers to a Southern term for a person of mixed-race ancestry, and was long used in a pejorative way. The play addressed issues of mixed-race, featuring a couple in a small southern town who have grown up believing they were white and learning about some African-American ancestry.

    Dubose heyward biography of mahatma gandhi Archived from the original on 4 October Gandhi's intense agitation settles into an inner quiet on 12 January when the clear thought comes to him that he must fast. Heyward met his wife Dorothy when they were both at the MacDowell Colony in Guha, Ramachandra

    Reviewers treated his play favorably as a version of the "tragic mulatto" genre, but it was not a commercial success.

    He wrote the screenplay for the film adaptation of Eugene O'Neill's play The Emperor Jones (). Heyward wrote a children's book, The Country Bunny and the Little Gold Shoes (), which was quite popular.

    His novella Star Spangled Virgin () was set in Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands. It deals with the domestic life of Adam Work and his woman Rhoda. It was described as "singularly charming and very original", covering their and friends' interpretations of "the relations of men and women".[11]

    Heyward died from a heart attack in June ,[12] at the age of 54, in Tryon, North Carolina.[1]

    Representation in other media

    • The opera Porgy and Bess was adapted as a film, released in

    Works

    Poetry collections

    • Carolina Chansons: Legends of the Low Country () (with Hervey Allen)
    • Jasbo Brown and Other Poems ()
    • Skylines and Horizons ()

    Novels

    • Porgy ()
    • Angel ()
    • Mamba's Daughters ()
    • The Half Pint Flask ()
    • Peter Ashley ()
    • Lost Morning ()
    • Star Spangled Virgin ()

    Children's literature

    Plays

    Screenplay

    Opera

    See also

    Notes

    1. ^ abFlora, Joseph M.

      ().

      Biography of mahatma gandhi death The partition had gripped the Indian subcontinent with religious violence and the streets were filled with corpses. Retrieved 5 September Continue to a Quick Survey Donations of any size are needed and appreciated. Madeleine Slade known as "Mirabehn" was the daughter of a British admiral who spent much of her adult life in India as a devotee of Gandhi.

      "DuBose Heyward". In Flora, Joseph M. (ed.). Southern Writers: A New Biographical Dictionary. Vogel, Amber; Giemza, Bryan. Louisiana State University Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;. Retrieved June 15,

    2. ^Thompson, Robin (). The Gershwins' Porgy and Bess: A 75th Anniversary Celebration. ISBN&#;.
    3. ^MY Hero Project – Poet Heroes – DuBose Heyward
    4. ^Marill, Alvin H.

      (). More Theatre: Stage to Screen to Television, . Scarecrow Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.

    5. ^Killens, John O., ed. (). "Writers: Black and White". The American Negro Writer and His Roots: Selected Papers from the First Conference of Negro Writers, March, .

      Dubose heyward biography of mahatma gandhi for kids Gandhi shared Hills' views on the dangers of birth control, but defended Allinson's right to differ. Investigation committees were formed by the British, which Gandhi asked Indians to boycott. Gandhi found it humiliating, struggling to understand how some people can feel honour or superiority or pleasure in such inhumane practices. Porgy, published in , was a powerful story of a crippled African-American beggar, set in a black waterfront neighborhood of Charleston called Catfish Row.

      New York: American Society of African Culture.

    6. ^Noonan, Eileen (). The Strange Career of Porgy and Bess. Race, Culture, and America's Most Famous Opera. Chapel Hill, North Carolina: University of North Carolina Press. pp.&#;19, 20, ISBN&#;.
    7. ^"Star Spangled Virgin", Kirkus Reviews, August 14, , accessed June 4,
    8. ^SCIWAY: South Carolina's Information Highway – Dubose Heyward: An Unknown Children'S TreasureArchived June 17, , at the Wayback Machine

    References

    External links